匡恩俊,迟凤琴,张久明,宿庆瑞,高中超,朱宝国

• 1:黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心
• 2:黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院

摘要(Abstract)：

为了揭示东北黑土区不同耕作措施对玉米农田土壤主要特性的早期影响,在2016-2017年设免耕(No tillage(NT))、浅翻(Shallow tillage (ST))、深翻(Deep tillage (DT)) 3种耕作措施,分别施用不同有机物料(单施化肥处理(CK)、施用有机肥(Manure (M))和秸秆还田(Straw (S)),调查玉米出苗率、土壤温度,分析了玉米拔节期土壤有关特性。结果显示:从3种耕作措施来看,玉米苗期土壤温度随着土层深度的加深而降低,ST处理显著提高了10 cm土层的土壤温度,而DT将20 cm深度的土壤温度提高了16%,在25 cm层次无明显差异。NT处理的出苗率仅为40%,ST和DT达到了70%左右。玉米拔节期,无论0～20 cm还是20～40 cm土层,施用有机肥和秸秆均能明显提高DT处理土壤有效磷含量,DTM和DTS分别提高了30. 3%～40. 9%,58. 9%～86. 1%,碱解氮和速效钾含量变化不明显。耕作措施对于短期内提高土壤有机碳的效果不明显,施入有机肥和秸秆还田均显著提高了土壤中0～20 cm、20～40 cm土层游离态轻组有机碳的含量。3种耕作措施对土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响较小,但是施入秸秆和有机肥影响微生物量碳和氮的含量,影响程度分别介于-3. 9%～288. 6%和-30. 3%～124. 4%,其中20～40 cm土层提升效果优于0～20cm土层。不同处理显著提高了0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层有效磷、土壤有机碳和游离体态轻组的含量,同时秸秆还田对于提升土壤游离态轻组、微生物量碳和氮的效果显著,这些敏感指标受到有机物料与耕作方式的交互作用影响明显。

关键词(KeyWords)： 耕作措施;有机肥;秸秆还田;土壤养分

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300806-2)

作者(Author): 匡恩俊,迟凤琴,张久明,宿庆瑞,高中超,朱宝国

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