刘建波,杨帆,王志春,聂朝阳,张璐,安丰华,郭亮亮

• 1:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所
• 2:中国科学院大学

摘要(Abstract)：

在干旱半干旱地区,微地形是影响盐渍化土壤性质和植物分布的重要因素之一。为深入明晰东北苏打盐渍土微地形下土壤物理、化学性质的空间变异特点以及植物对微地形的响应,选择具有典型微地形特征的苏打盐渍土作为试验区,运用经典统计学、地统计学相结合的方法对试验区内相对高程、土壤物理性质(容重、总孔隙度、土壤质量含水量)、土壤化学性质(p H、电导率、钠吸附比)和植物生物量进行空间变异特征研究,并进行空间插值绘制空间分布图。结果表明:在微地形影响下,所测的土壤物理、化学性质的变异系数均小于0.7,为中等及弱空间变异;地统计分析结果表明:所测的土壤理化性质的块金系数均小于75%,具有中等及强空间自相关性,且土壤物理指标(质量含水量)较土壤化学的盐碱指标(p H、电导率、钠吸附比)有更强的空间自相关,即微地形对于土壤水分的影响更为剧烈;空间插值分布图显示土壤各指标在空间上呈现带状或斑块状分布。所测的土壤理化性质均与相对高程之间显著相关,植物生物量与相对高程之间呈显著负相关,且微地形对于土壤水分比土壤理化性质的相关系数大,微地形与植物生物量的相关系数最小,表明微地形导致坡地不同高程位置的土壤水分产生差异,进而改变土壤理化性质,间接影响植物变化。回归分析得到土壤理化指标与相对高程之间呈现二次函数关系,即微斜坡地上土壤盐碱达到最高阈值时的微地形高程为50～60 cm,其植物生物量也最低。高程阈值的发现为苏打盐渍土的差异化修复和耕作管理提供了理论依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 相对高程;土壤水分;土壤盐碱;植物生物量;空间异质性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501200);; 国家自然科学基金项目(41771250和41971066);; 国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110500);; 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200402005N C);; 中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金项目(2020ZKHT-03);中国科学院关键人才项目

作者(Author): 刘建波,杨帆,王志春,聂朝阳,张璐,安丰华,郭亮亮

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