刘胜群,佟殿文,庄文君,宋凤斌,杨小琴,李向楠

• 1:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所
• 2:敦化市农业技术推广中心
• 3:中国科学院大学

摘要(Abstract)：

玉米根系数量和抗拉性能与其倒伏抗性密切相关。本文采用大区试验,比较了垄作中耕和平作免耕条件下郑单958和先玉335的单株节根数量、较高茎节上节根数量以及节根的最大拉力和抗拉强度。结果显示,与平作条件下相比,两品种的单株玉米节根总数量和第五轮以上节根的数量均是垄作中耕条件下较高。第四轮节根的最大拉力在垄作中耕和平作条件下差异达显著水平,两品种均为平作条件下的大于垄作中耕;其他各节根的抗拉强度在垄作中耕和平作条件下差异均未达到显著水平。认为垄作中耕条件下,较高茎节上节根数量较多,对于根倒伏抗性有利。

关键词(KeyWords)： 拉力;抗拉强度;玉米;垄作;平作

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300607);; 国家自然科学基金项目(31000690)

作者(Author): 刘胜群,佟殿文,庄文君,宋凤斌,杨小琴,李向楠

参考文献(References)：

• [1]孙利军，张仁陟，黄高宝，等．黄土高原半干旱区保护性耕作适应性评价[J].中国生态农业学报，2008,16(5):1122-1126.SUN L J,ZHANG R Z,HUANG G B,et al.Evaluation of adaptability of conservation tillage in Loess Plateau semi-arid areas[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(5):1122-1126.
• [2]HALL D J M,JONES H R,CRABTREE W L,et al.Claying and deep ripping can increase crop yields and profits on water repellent sands with marginal fertility in southern Western Australia[J].Australian Joumal of Soil Research,2010,48(2):178-187.
• [3]张旭丽，李洪.玉米根系与环境条件的关系[J].山西农业科学，2010,38(7):120-122,126.ZHANG X L,LI H.Relationship between maize roots and the environmental conditions[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(7):120-122,126.
• [4]漆栋良，吴雪，胡田田.施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学，2014,47(14):2804-2813.QI D L,WU X,HU T T.Effects of nitrogen supply methods on root growth,yield and nitrogen use of maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(14):2804-2813.
• [5]SHIERLAW J,ALSTON A M.Effect of soil compaction on root growth and uptake of phosphorous[J].Plant and Soil,1984,77(1):15-28.
• [6]姚启伦.玉米抗茎倒折性状遗传的研究[J].西南农业大学学报，2003,25(2):123-126,137.YAO Q L.Studies of the inheritance of stalk breaking resistance traits in maize[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2003,25(2):123-126,137.
• [7]LIU S Q,SONG F B,LIU F L,et al.Effect of planting density on root lodging resistance and its relationship to nodal root growth characteristics in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2012,4(12):182-189.
• [8]ENNOS A R,CROOK M J,GRIMSHAW C.The anchorage mechanics of maize,Zea mays[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1993,44(258):147-153.
• [9]刘胜群，王晓波，宋凤斌，等.春玉米拔节孕穗期倒伏发生特点及内在成因分析[J].土壤与作物，2018,7(2):184-188.LIU S Q,WANG X B,SONG F B,et al.Root and shoot characteristics associated with lodging resistance of spring maize during the jointingbooting stage[J].Soils and Crops,2018,7(2):184-188.
• [10]刘胜群，刘铁东，宋凤斌，等.行向和种植方式对玉米穗下节间与茎倒伏相关性状的影响[J].土壤与作物，2016,5(3):159-165.LIU S Q,LIU T D,SONG F B,et al.Effects of row orientation and planting pattern on traits associated with stem lodging in maize[J].Soils and Crops,2016,5(3):159-165.
• [11]LIU S Q,LI X N,ZHU X C,et al.Tensile properties of seminal and nodal roots and their relationship with the root diameter and planting density of maize(Zea mays)[J].Crop and Pasture Science,2018,69(7):717-723.
• [12]宋日，吴春胜，岳杨.培土对玉米节根特性的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版)，2008,40(4):132-135.SONG R,WU C S,YUE Y.Effect of soil ridging on the characteristics of corn nodal root[J].Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2008,40(4):132-135.
• [13]刘朝巍，谢瑞芝，张恩和，等.玉米宽窄行交替休闲种植根系分布规律研究[J].玉米科学，2009,17(2):120-123.LIU C W,XIE R Z,ZHANG E H.Study on root distribution of maize with planting technique in wide/narrow row alternation[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(2):120-123.
• [14]丛艳军，黄瑞冬，许文娟，等.中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究I:中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响[J].玉米科学，2005,13(3):94-97.CONG Y J,HUANG R D,XU W J,et al.Effects of different styles of inter-tillage on the physicochemical properties of soil and growth development of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(3):94-97.
• [15]BINGHAM I J,BENGOUGH A G.Morphological plasticity of wheat and barley roots in response to spatial variation in soil strength[J].Plant and Soil,2003,250(2):273-282.
• [16]FISCHER R A,STAPPER M.Lodging effects on high-yielding crops of irrigated semidwarf wheat[J].Field Crops Reasearch,1987,17(3-4):245-258.
• [17]MINAMI M,UJIHARA A.Effects of lodging on dry-matter production,grain-yield and nutritional composition at different growth-stages in maize(Zea mays L)[J].Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1991,60(1):107-115．
• [18]LOADES K W,BENGOUGH A G,BRANSBY M F,et al.Biomechanics of nodal,seminal and lateral roots of barley:Effects of diameter,waterlogging and mechanical impedance[J].Plant and Soil,2013,370(1-2):407-418.
• [19]LIU S Q,SONG F B,ZHU X C,et al.Dynamics of root growth and distribution in maize from the black soil region of NE China[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2012,4(2):21-30．
• [20]GENET M,STOKES A,SALIN F,et al.The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots[J].Plant and Soil,2005,278(1-2):1-9.
• [21]LOMBARDI F,SCIPPA G S,LASSERRE B,et al.The influence of slope on Spartium junceum root system:morphological,anatomical and biomechanical adaptation[J].Journal of Plant Research,2017,130(3):515-525.