高燕,张延,张旸,陈学文,梁爱珍

• 1:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室
• 2:中国科学院大学

摘要(Abstract)：

土壤有机碳(SOC)及全氮(TN)是评价土壤肥力的重要指标。阐明耕作方式和种植模式对土壤碳氮水平的综合效应,进而明晰作物产量的响应,可为土壤培肥、增产增收提供理论依据和技术支撑。本研究基于东北黑土区保护性耕作长期定位试验(始于2001年),探究长期免耕玉米连作(NTCC)、秋翻玉米连作(MPCC)、免耕玉米-大豆轮作(NTCS)、秋翻玉米-大豆轮作(MPCS)四种处理对黑土碳氮含量以及作物产量年际变化的影响。结果表明:(1)随着耕作年限增加,NTCC和NTCS处理显著增加0～10 cm土层SOC和TN含量; 10～20 cm土层SOC、TN含量变化在4个处理下呈先减少后增加的趋势; 20～30 cm土层SOC、TN含量没有明显的年际变化;(2)与2001年初始碳氮储量相比,无论是玉米连作还是玉米-大豆轮作,免耕处理土壤碳氮储量均显著增加,且NTCC处理的土壤碳、氮储量最高,分别为75.7 Mg (C)·hm-2、7.0 Mg (N)·hm-2,较传统耕作分别显著增加18.6%和20.4%;(3)土壤碳氮比(C/N)随着耕作年限增加而逐渐降低,其中NTCC处理的年平均C/N最低;(4)实施16年后NTCS处理玉米年平均产量最高,达10 111 kg·hm-2,其他3个处理间玉米产量无显著差异。0～20 cm土层的SOC、TN含量、C/N与玉米产量均没有显著的相关关系。综上所述,对质地黏重的中层黑土,免耕玉米-大豆轮作促进了玉米增产,较传统耕作有助于促进土壤碳、氮固定,是东北黑土区适宜的耕作措施,有关土壤碳氮的固定能力的提升的机制尚待进一步研究。

关键词(KeyWords)： 免耕;玉米连作;碳氮储量;玉米产量

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中科院先导专项(XDA2307050103);中科院东北地理所“一三五”规划项目(Y6H2042001);; 国家自然科学基金(41877095);; 中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划“拔尖青年科学家”项目(QYZDB-SSW-DQC035);; 吉林省科技发展计划“中青年科技创新领军人才及团队”(20200301022RO)

作者(Author): 高燕,张延,张旸,陈学文,梁爱珍

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